Ubwenge buremano: Ni umwanzi cyangwa ni umufasha wa muntu?

Muri iki gihe, Isi iyobowe n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse ingeri zose z’ubuzima ribonekamo, aho umuntu ashobora kugera kuri serivisi yifuza bitamusabye kuva iwe.

Ikoranabuhanga ryifashisha ubwenge buremano rizwi nka Artificial Intelligence rigarukwaho cyane hirya no hino ku Isi, aho bamwe bagaragaza ko ari ryiza mu gihe abandi barishinja byinshi birimo no kongera umubare w’abashomeri.

Kuri ubu, umwe mu musaruro wa AI, Isi iri gukoresha ni ChatGPT ikoreshwa n’abashaka amakuru ku ngingo zitandukanye. Wandika icyo ushaka kumenya, ikakiguha aho ushobora kurisaba kukwandikira email cyangwa ubundi butumwa rikabiguha mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya.

Iyi porogaramu yiyongeraho izindi nka Bard, YouChat, Bing AI, Jasper, OpenAI Playground, ChatSonic zose zifashisha AI.

AI ntiyagarukiye i mahanga kuko no mu Rwanda yatangiye kwimakazwa mu ngeri zitandukanye zirimo ubuvuzi, ubukerarugendo, ubuhinzi aho zitanga amakuru ajyanye n’iteganyagihe n’izindi zijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga ndetse bamwe batangiye kugerwaho n'ibyiza byaryo.

Mu myaka itatu ishize nibwo uwitwa Byukusenge Anisie ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona yatangiye gukoresha telefoni igendanwa ifite iri koranabuhanga. Avuga ko byamurinze kongera kwibwa kuko rimufasha kumenya agaciro k'amafaranga y'inoti afite n'amakarita anyuranye akoresha.

Ati: "Nzingura inoti ngashyiraho camera ya telefoni maze igahite imbwira iti iki ufite ni 1000 cy'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. Nanone nkayereka ikarita ikansomera iyo ariyo. ikambwira ko ari ikarita y'abafite ubumuga ikanansomera ibiriho byose. Ni ukuvuga ko ubwo buhanga bugezweho budahari baba bakwiba."

Byukusenge Anisie ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona ubwo yari arimo kwifashishe telefoni ye ngo amenye umubare w'amafaranga afite mu ntoki. Photo: RBA

Mu Ugushyingo 2023, ubwo yafunguraga ku mugaragaro Ikigo cya ‘Norrsken Kigali House’ gifasha urubyiruko rufite imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga kubona aho rukorera no kugera ku mafaranga yarufasha kwagura ibikorwa byarwo, Perezida Paul Kagame yabajijwe icyo atekereza kuri iri koranabuhanga rishya.

Yagize ati “Buri kintu gishya mu muryango kizana n’impungenge runaka. Reka dutangire tureba ikoranabuhanga muri rusange. Ikoranabuhanga rifite inyungu nyinshi cyane, rigeza abantu ku rwego rwisumbuye ku rwo bari bariho, ariko ni igenzi kugenda muri iyo nzira unatekereza ku nyungu mu buryo bwumvikana. Ariko nanone haza ingaruka z’ibyo bikoresho n’imitekerereze bishya ku muryango.”

Yavuze ko impungenge zikwiye kurebwaho by’umwihariko maze zigashyirwa ku munzani umwe n’iryo koranabuhanga rikenewe ngo imibereho y’abatuye Isi irusheho kunozwa.

Ati “Dukwiye kuba twibaza tuti ese iki kintu gishya gifite inyungu ku rwego rungana iki? Ariko se cyaba gifite ingorane runaka? Ni gute duharanira kuzikumira mu guharanira ko inyungu zirenga ibibazo bishobora kuvuka? Nta buryo ikigo cyangwa igihugu kimwe cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye ashobora kubyikorera wenyine. Hakwiye kuba hariho ubufatanye, gutekerereza hamwe, kubera ko ibiva muri iri koranabuhanga rishya nka AI rigira ingaruka ku Isi yose, ntirigira ingaruka ku kigo cyangwa igihugu kimwe.”

Porogaramu zifashisha AI zose zihuriye ku koroshya no kwihutisha akazi ka muntu mu buzima bwe bwa buri munsi ariko zikanamufasha guhanga ibishya.

Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi mu Bitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal i Kigali, Dr Augustin Sendegeya avuga ko mu bihe bya vuba bazatangira gukoresha iri koranabuhanga muri za robo mu kubaga abarwayi mu buryo bwihuse.

Yagize ati: "Iyo ukoresheje iryo koranabuhanga (AI), bigufasha gukora wihuse ibyo wakoraga mu masaha atatu ukabasha ku bikora mu minota 45. Icya kabiri bigufasha kugera ahantu utari bubashe kugera wakoze mu buryo busanzwe."

Abayigirira impungenge iri koranabuhanga bazishingira ku kuba ikora akazi bari basanzwe bakora aho akakeneraga abakozi nka 50 gashobora gukorwa na batanu bagenzura rya koranabuhanga, abandi bakanavuga ko ahari hashobora kubaho gutana kwa robo irikoresha ikaba yakora ibindi, gusa kuri ibi Dr Augustin Sendegeya amara abantu impungenge avuga ko nyuma y'aya marobo haba hari abantu bayagenzura.

AI mu Rwanda ikomeje kwimakazwa

Umwaduko w’iri koranabuhanga ryifashisha ubwenge buremano wazanye n’impungenge zishingiye ku kuba hari abashobora kuzabura akazi cyane ko akenshi rigakora.

Ku rundi ruhande ariko, rinahanga imirimo mishya kuko naryo ubwaryo rikorwa n’abantu, abahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga ni bo baryubaka, abashinzwe kurikurikirana umunsi ku munsi n’abandi bahabwa akazi binyuze mu bigo bivuka.

Mu 2023, Guverinoma yemeje Politiki y’Igihugu yo kwihutisha Ikoranabuhanga (National Artificial Intelligence Policy). Ni mu rwego rwo kugeza igihugu ku ntego gifite yo kuba igicumbi cy’ikoranabuhanga mu Karere giherereyemo mu 2050.

Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo Zola Robotics Benjamin Karenzi avuga ko barimo kureba uburyo iri koranabuhanga ryakwifashishwa mu gukumira impanuka z'abakora mu birombe by'amabuye y'agaciro zikunze gutwara ubuzima bw'abakora muri uru rwego.

"Hari umushinga turi kwigaho mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku buryo hariya ubona bohereza abantu kujya gucukura amabuye wenda n'ibirombe bikabagwira, twajya twoherezayo irobo igafata amakuru maze uri ku butaka hejuru akamenya uburyo hateye mbere y'uko yoherezayo umuntu."

Benjamin Karenzi uyobora ikigo Zola Robotics avuga ko barimo kureba uburyo iri koranabuhanga ryakwifashishwa mu gukumira impanuka z'abakora mu birombe by'amabuye y'agaciro. Photo: RBA

Mu 2022, muri Afurika habarurwagamo sosiyete 2400 zikoresha iri koranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buremano bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru, u Rwanda rwari rufitemo 21 ndetse muri uwo mwaka rwaje ku mwanya wa karindwi muri Afurika no ku mwanya wa 93 ku Isi.

Umunyamerika Marvin Lee Minsky washinze laboratwari ikomeye mu by’ikoranabuhanga, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, asobanura AI nka siyansi yifashishije imashini mu gukora ibikorwa byasabaga ubwenge bw’umuntu kugira ngo bishoboke.

AI ikora hose kuko ishobora no gufasha umurwayi kubona amakuru amufasha mu burwayi bwe, ikamugira inama yo kujya kwa muganga n’ubundi buryo bwatuma yitwararika.